The Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) pathway is a clinically led joint initiative with the NHS. It is not a single intervention rather a series of different interventions tailored for individuals based on clinical need.

The number and proportions of men and women in custody and in the community who had been screened into the OPD pathway as of 30 June 2021 is displayed in the table below. The figures relate to all those within the Probation Service caseload who are identified as being eligible for OPD services. Being screened into the programme does not mean an individual will automatically receive intervention. This is an administrative process to identify those who may fit the programme criteria. Intervention pathways are determined through further assessment and sentence planning.

Although care is taken when processing and analysing the data, the details are subject to inaccuracies inherent in any large-scale case management system and is the best data that is available. The data may differ slightly to that of the published statistics where data was run on a different date.

In October 2018, following a comprehensive equality analysis, an interim policy change was introduced to ensure that both male and female convicted prisoners were subject to the same national policy on prison-issue clothing. This was confirmed in the Incentives Policy Framework launched on 13 January 2020. The Policy Framework requires all convicted prisoners to wear prison-issue clothing, unless the governor allows them to wear their own clothes as a privilege under their prison’s local incentive arrangements.

The prisoner discipline system upholds justice in prisons and ensures incidents of prison rule-breaking have consequences. Only Independent Adjudicators, who are District Judges or Deputy District Judges can make an award of additional days to a prisoner’s custodial time left to serve.

The information requested can be found in the table attached.

It is not possible to identify the number of prison officer assaults that have been charged under the Assault on Emergency Workers (Offences) Act 2018. This information would need to be requested from each prison who in turn will need to request information from their local police force to obtain this data which will require a high level or resource and will be at a disproportionate cost.

Convictions under the Assault on Emergency Workers (Offences) Act 2018 may be held on court record but to be able to identify these cases we would have to access individual court records which would be of disproportionate cost, as there will also be a need to sift through each case to identify whether the emergency worker was a prison officer as this piece of legislation covers other workers such as police officers, NHS workers, National Crime Agency officers etc.

Each prison has its own regime. These are designed to meet the specific rehabilitation needs of that prison's population. The male estate constitutes seven different categories and the regimes in these prisons naturally differ from each other as well as from that present in the female estate.

These offences can be dealt with in the courts, or in many cases, through prisons themselves. Centrally held court data (including for the new offence of Assaults on Emergency Workers and broader violent offences) does not identify the location of the offence or occupation of the victim, so it would only be possible to identify these from court data with a manual search, incurring disproportionate costs.

The prisoner discipline system upholds justice in prisons and ensures incidents of prisoner rule-breaking have consequences.

The Ministry of Justice monitors adjudication outcomes by offence, age, gender, ethnicity, religion and type of adjudication, this data is published quarterly. The information requested can be found in the table below:

The prisoner discipline system upholds justice in prisons and ensures incidents of prison rule-breaking have consequences. Only Independent Adjudicators, who are District Judges or Deputy District Judges can make an award of additional days to a prisoner’s custodial time left to serve.

Where an act of violence amounts to a criminal offence, prisoners should be investigated by the police and face serious sanctions. The Assaults on Emergency Workers (Offences) Act 2018 has increased sentencing powers for offences of common assault and battery committed against an emergency worker. This provides Courts with the powers to punish those who commit violent crime against prison staff.

The information requested can be found in the table below:

Number of punishments for proven adjudications involving violence, 2011 - 2018, England and Wales¹

Data sources and quality

The figures in this table have been drawn from administrative IT systems which, as with any large scale recording system, are subject to possible errors with data entry and processing.

Due to data quality issues, 2010 figures have not been provided and therefore no conclusion can be drawn for the annual 2010 data and no comparison can be made with 2010 figures.

Notes:

1 - Punishments can only be given where an adjudication has been proven and therefore exclude all other adjudications that have been dismissed or not proceeded with. One or more punishments may be imposed onto prisoners. If the charge against the accused prisoner is found to be proved beyond reasonable doubt, the adjudicator will then decide the appropriate punishment(s). The Prison or Young Offender Institution Rules provide guidelines when considering appropriate punishments, taking into account the circumstances and seriousness of the offence, and its effect on the victim (if any), the likely impact on the prisoner (including any health or welfare impact), the prisoner's age, behaviour in custody, remaining time to release, the type of establishment and the effect of the offence on local discipline and good order. Also the number of awards may be given at one establishment and applied at another.

2 - Offences refer to assaults and attempts of assaults.

The prisoner discipline system upholds justice in prisons and ensures incidents of prisoner rule-breaking have consequences. In cases which the prison governor deems the rule-breaking to be sufficiently serious an Independent Adjudicator, appointed by the Chief Magistrate, can attend a prison to award additional days to the prisoner’s custodial time left to serve. Where an act of violence amounts to a criminal offence, prisoners should will be investigated by the police and face serious sanctions.

Information on the proportion of adjudications which resulted in no additional days being added to a prisoner's time in custody by offence is not routinely extracted from the adjudications database, as the primary purpose of the database is to report on the volume of punishments imposed. Prisoners can receive more than one punishment for the same offence, so in order to collect this specific information on prisoners, a matching exercise using prison population and adjudication databases would be required to identify each individual prisoner who was sanctioned under the Prison Rules. As a result, the data could only be obtained at disproportionate cost.

Information on the number of adjudications for violence which resulted in additional days to a prisoner’s custodial time to serve is publicly available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/offender-management-statistics-quarterly.

The publicly available data also provides information on the number of adjudications by gender and adjudication offence. See Table A5.1 at the following link:

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/796921/adjudications-2018.ods

On the prison population for 30 June 2018, select table A1.1 using the link below:

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/820163/population-30June2019-annual.ods.

The number of adjudications per 100 male and female prisoners can be calculated from tables A5.1 and A1.1, but this information has been attached to this response for ease.

Information on the number of awards of additional days where an adjudication involving violence against staff and prisoners was proven and the average number of additional days added for 2011 – 2018 is also attached to this response. Please note that due to data quality issues, 2010 figures have not been provided and therefore no conclusion can be drawn for the annual 2010 data and no comparison can be made with 2010 figures.

The prisoner discipline system upholds justice in prisons and ensures incidents of prisoner rule-breaking have consequences. In cases which the prison governor deems the rule-breaking to be sufficiently serious an Independent Adjudicator, appointed by the Chief Magistrate, can attend a prison to award additional days to the prisoner’s custodial time left to serve. Where an act of violence amounts to a criminal offence, prisoners should will be investigated by the police and face serious sanctions.

Information on the proportion of adjudications which resulted in no additional days being added to a prisoner's time in custody by offence is not routinely extracted from the adjudications database, as the primary purpose of the database is to report on the volume of punishments imposed. Prisoners can receive more than one punishment for the same offence, so in order to collect this specific information on prisoners, a matching exercise using prison population and adjudication databases would be required to identify each individual prisoner who was sanctioned under the Prison Rules. As a result, the data could only be obtained at disproportionate cost.

Information on the number of adjudications for violence which resulted in additional days to a prisoner’s custodial time to serve is publicly available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/offender-management-statistics-quarterly.

The publicly available data also provides information on the number of adjudications by gender and adjudication offence. See Table A5.1 at the following link:

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/796921/adjudications-2018.ods

On the prison population for 30 June 2018, select table A1.1 using the link below:

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/820163/population-30June2019-annual.ods.

The number of adjudications per 100 male and female prisoners can be calculated from tables A5.1 and A1.1, but this information has been attached to this response for ease.

Information on the number of awards of additional days where an adjudication involving violence against staff and prisoners was proven and the average number of additional days added for 2011 – 2018 is also attached to this response. Please note that due to data quality issues, 2010 figures have not been provided and therefore no conclusion can be drawn for the annual 2010 data and no comparison can be made with 2010 figures.

The prisoner discipline system upholds justice in prisons and ensures incidents of prisoner rule-breaking have consequences. In cases which the prison governor deems the rule-breaking to be sufficiently serious an Independent Adjudicator, appointed by the Chief Magistrate, can attend a prison to award additional days to the prisoner’s custodial time left to serve. Where an act of violence amounts to a criminal offence, prisoners should will be investigated by the police and face serious sanctions.

Information on the proportion of adjudications which resulted in no additional days being added to a prisoner's time in custody by offence is not routinely extracted from the adjudications database, as the primary purpose of the database is to report on the volume of punishments imposed. Prisoners can receive more than one punishment for the same offence, so in order to collect this specific information on prisoners, a matching exercise using prison population and adjudication databases would be required to identify each individual prisoner who was sanctioned under the Prison Rules. As a result, the data could only be obtained at disproportionate cost.

Information on the number of adjudications for violence which resulted in additional days to a prisoner’s custodial time to serve is publicly available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/offender-management-statistics-quarterly.

The publicly available data also provides information on the number of adjudications by gender and adjudication offence. See Table A5.1 at the following link:

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/796921/adjudications-2018.ods

On the prison population for 30 June 2018, select table A1.1 using the link below:

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/820163/population-30June2019-annual.ods.

The number of adjudications per 100 male and female prisoners can be calculated from tables A5.1 and A1.1, but this information has been attached to this response for ease.

Information on the number of awards of additional days where an adjudication involving violence against staff and prisoners was proven and the average number of additional days added for 2011 – 2018 is also attached to this response. Please note that due to data quality issues, 2010 figures have not been provided and therefore no conclusion can be drawn for the annual 2010 data and no comparison can be made with 2010 figures.

The prisoner discipline system upholds justice in prisons and ensures incidents of prisoner rule-breaking have consequences. In cases which the prison governor deems the rule-breaking to be sufficiently serious an Independent Adjudicator, appointed by the Chief Magistrate, can attend a prison to award additional days to the prisoner’s custodial time left to serve. Where an act of violence amounts to a criminal offence, prisoners should will be investigated by the police and face serious sanctions.

Information on the proportion of adjudications which resulted in no additional days being added to a prisoner's time in custody by offence is not routinely extracted from the adjudications database, as the primary purpose of the database is to report on the volume of punishments imposed. Prisoners can receive more than one punishment for the same offence, so in order to collect this specific information on prisoners, a matching exercise using prison population and adjudication databases would be required to identify each individual prisoner who was sanctioned under the Prison Rules. As a result, the data could only be obtained at disproportionate cost.

Information on the number of adjudications for violence which resulted in additional days to a prisoner’s custodial time to serve is publicly available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/offender-management-statistics-quarterly.

The publicly available data also provides information on the number of adjudications by gender and adjudication offence. See Table A5.1 at the following link:

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/796921/adjudications-2018.ods

On the prison population for 30 June 2018, select table A1.1 using the link below:

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/820163/population-30June2019-annual.ods.

The number of adjudications per 100 male and female prisoners can be calculated from tables A5.1 and A1.1, but this information has been attached to this response for ease.

Information on the number of awards of additional days where an adjudication involving violence against staff and prisoners was proven and the average number of additional days added for 2011 – 2018 is also attached to this response. Please note that due to data quality issues, 2010 figures have not been provided and therefore no conclusion can be drawn for the annual 2010 data and no comparison can be made with 2010 figures.

HMPPS has been working closely with the police and the Crown Prosecution Service to ensure they understand the impact of crimes committed within prison. HMPPS published the revised Crime in Prison Referral Agreement in May 2019. This Agreement sets out how crimes in prison will be referred, investigated and prosecuted and aims to provide a more consistent approach to managing crimes committed within prison. The Crime in Prison Referral Agreement specifies that all assaults against members of staff, unless there is little or no injury should be referred to the police.

It is not possible to identify the proportion of assaults on prison staff has been charged as an offence in each of the last five years as this information is not held centrally. Detailed information may be held on court record but to be able to identify these cases we would have to access individual court records which would be of disproportionate cost.

It is not possible to identify the proportion of assaults on prison staff that resulted in a criminal conviction in each of the last five years. Detailed information may be held on court record but to be able to identify these cases we would have to access individual court records which would be of disproportionate cost.

We do not hold data centrally on what proportion of prisoners released on temporary licence supply drugs into prisons.

By providing opportunities to work, learn and build family ties, temporary release from prison helps ensure offenders do not return to crime when they leave prison. We recognise that temporary release presents a potential route by which drugs might enter a prison and this is a key consideration in how the establishment operates its release on temporary licence (ROTL) regime. All offenders released on ROTL are subject to rigorous individual risk assessment and licence conditions. Returning with drugs is both a criminal offence and a breach of the licence conditions, which can lead to suspension of ROTL and a return to closed prison conditions, in addition to any other penalty.

Evidence shows the vast majority abide by their temporary release conditions, with the compliance rate standing at well over 99%. Non-compliance is, and will continue to be, dealt with robustly.

To respond to the risk from drugs in prisons, we are strengthening our gate and perimeter security, drafting specialist search teams into prisons across the country and investing in physical and technical security counter measures. Alongside this, Her Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) has developed a new, national Prison Drugs Strategy, published in April 2019. The Strategy outlines how HMPPS is working to restrict the supply of drugs, reduce demand through rehabilitative activities, and support prisoners to build recovery from substance misuse.

We believe that the appropriate response to someone assaulting a prison officer is to work with the Crown Prosecution Service and the police to prosecute them. That is why we are pleased that we have doubled the maximum sentence for anyone assaulting a prison officer, and we are working much more closely to increase the number of prosecutions and the sentences for those who break the law against people we should protect.

The analysis undertaken was a small-scale internal study of some of the early smoke-free adopter prisons which was used by HM Prisons and Probation Service (HMPPS) to support the rollout of the smoke-free prisons project. Given this analysis forms part of internal HMPPS management information, there are no plans to publish it.

The information requested in 149636 could only be obtained at disproportionate cost as the implementation of smoke-free prisons was rolled out at different times.

An analysis was carried out earlier this year on the impact of the tobacco ban on Prison Safety and Security. There is no conclusive evidence of an increase in violence in prisons attributable to the tobacco ban. No additional security measures have been implemented in any prison following the implementation of the tobacco ban.

The information requested in 149636 could only be obtained at disproportionate cost as the implementation of smoke-free prisons was rolled out at different times.

An analysis was carried out earlier this year on the impact of the tobacco ban on Prison Safety and Security. There is no conclusive evidence of an increase in violence in prisons attributable to the tobacco ban. No additional security measures have been implemented in any prison following the implementation of the tobacco ban.

The information requested in 149636 could only be obtained at disproportionate cost as the implementation of smoke-free prisons was rolled out at different times.

An analysis was carried out earlier this year on the impact of the tobacco ban on Prison Safety and Security. There is no conclusive evidence of an increase in violence in prisons attributable to the tobacco ban. No additional security measures have been implemented in any prison following the implementation of the tobacco ban.